κἄν

κἄν (not κᾄν), by crasis,

I for καὶ ἄν . . , v.l. in Hes.Op.357, freq. in [dialect] Att.: not often when καί is simply copul., Pl.Phd.79a, Grg. 514d; but freq. when καί is intens., ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη even a great thing, Hes. l.c.;

κακὸν δὲ κ. ἐν ἡμέρᾳ γνοίης μιᾷ S.OT615

, cf. 591, Aj.45, Ar.Nu.1130, Th.7.61, etc.; sts. repeated after or before a Verb with

ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ . . , εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν . . , βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Pl. Prt.318b

, cf. R.515e; freq. in the phrase κ. εἰ, where καί properly belongs to εἰ, even if, and ἄν to the Verb that follows in apodosi, νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν (for καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν) D.21.51: hence,

2 even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ [αἱ ἀρεταί] . .

εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι Pl.Men. 72c

;

κ. εἰ μή τῳ δοκεῖ Id.R.473a

, 579d, cf. 408b, Phd.71b, Sph.247e, Arist.Top.136a31, al.

3 in later Gr. without εἰ, simply as a stronger form of καί, even,

εἴσελθε κ. νῦν Men.342

;

κ. νεκρῷ Χάρισαι τὰ σὰ Χείλεα Theoc.23.41

, cf. 35 (v.l.) (and so with εἷς, μία, ἕν, κ. μίαν ἡμέραν δόντες αὐτοῖς v.l. in X.HG1.7.19;

εἰ κ. ἕν τι φαίνοιτο S.E. P.2.195

, cf. Ph.2.29);

ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κ. τῶν ἱματίων Ev.Marc.5.28

; κ. νῦν now at any rate, POxy.2151.7 (iii A.D.); κἂν ὧς even so, nevertheless, ib.123.7 (iii/iv A.D.);

οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε Luc.Tim.20

codd., cf. DDeor.5.2, etc.

II for καὶ ἄν ([etym.] ἐάν), even if, with the same moods as ἐάν, S.Aj.15, Pl.Prt.319c, etc.: freq. used ellipt., ἄνδρα Χρὴ δοκεῖν πεσεῖν ἂν κ. (sc. πέσῃ)

ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ S.Aj.1078

, cf. Ar.V.92, Ach.1021, and so prob. in S.El.1483: later folld. by ind.,

κἂν γὰρ οὕτω φαμέν A.D.Synt.70.22

.

2 κἄν . . , κἄν . . , whether . . , or . . ,

κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν D.25.15

.